Index: firmware/App/Controllers/ROPump.c
===================================================================
diff -u -r9f79bc2ee4ab3e5b3b14c4a1d9c337af5d001ebd -r19dd28ed9c1c81d3bbf50e7a6bf691f19be0b54e
--- firmware/App/Controllers/ROPump.c	(.../ROPump.c)	(revision 9f79bc2ee4ab3e5b3b14c4a1d9c337af5d001ebd)
+++ firmware/App/Controllers/ROPump.c	(.../ROPump.c)	(revision 19dd28ed9c1c81d3bbf50e7a6bf691f19be0b54e)
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 /**************************************************************************
 *
-* Copyright (c) 2025-2025 Diality Inc. - All Rights Reserved.
+* Copyright (c) 2025-2026 Diality Inc. - All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * THIS CODE MAY NOT BE COPIED OR REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM, IN PART OR IN
 * WHOLE, WITHOUT THE EXPLICIT PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER.
 *
 * @file    ROPump.c
 *
 * @author  (last)      “rkallala”
-* @date    (last)      09-Dec-2025
+* @date    (last)      20-Jan-2026
 *
 * @author  (original)  Michael Garthwaite
 * @date    (original)  08-Sep-2025
@@ -61,7 +61,8 @@
 #define ROP_FLOW_TO_PWM(slope, intercept, flow)     ( slope * log(flow) + intercept )                                        ///< PWM line equation for flow converted to percentage.
 
 #define FP_FLOW_RATE_BELOW_TARGET_TIMEOUT_MS        ( 10 * MS_PER_SECOND )                                              ///< Timeout for flow rate below 75% of target flow rate
-#define FP_FLOW_RATE_BELOW_TARGET_CLEAR_MS          ( 10 * MS_PER_SECOND )                                              ///< Clear timeout for flow rate below target flow rate 
+#define FP_FLOW_RATE_BELOW_TARGET_CLEAR_MS          ( 10 * MS_PER_SECOND )                                              ///< Clear timeout for flow rate below target flow rate
+#define PERMEATE_FLOW_LOW_OUT_OF_RANGE_EXEMPT_MS    ( 10 * MS_PER_SECOND )                                              ///< Permeate flow low alarm exempt for 10 seconds after starting from Off
 
 // ********** private data **********
 
@@ -76,6 +77,7 @@
 static F32 roPumpDutyCyclePctSet;                                                                   ///< Currently set RO pump PWM duty cycle.
 static OVERRIDE_F32_T roPumpOpenLoopTargetDutyCycle;                                                ///< Target RO pump open loop PWM.
 static BOOL roPumpStartControl;                                                                     ///< boolean to determine when closed loop flow control starts
+static U32 timeSinceP12Started;                                                                     ///< Time when RO pump is started from off state.
 
 // ********** private function prototypes **********
 
@@ -84,6 +86,7 @@
 static RO_PUMP_STATE_T handleROPumpControlToTargetPressureState( void );
 static RO_PUMP_STATE_T handleROPumpOpenLoopState( void );
 
+static U32 getROPumpLowFlowExemptTimer( void );
 static F32 roPumpPresToPWM( F32 targetPressure );
 static F32 roPumpFlowToPWM( U32 targetFlow );
 static void stopROPump( void );
@@ -92,9 +95,7 @@
 /*********************************************************************//**
  * @brief
  * The initROPump function initializes the RO Pump module.
- * @details \b Inputs: roPumpState, roPumpControlMode, isROPumpOn, stopPumpRequest,
- * roControlTimerCounter, roPumpDutyCyclePctSet, roPumpOpenLoopTargetDutyCycle, roPumpDataPublicationTimerCounter,
- * roPumpDataPublishInterval, targetROPumpFlowRate, targetROPumpPressure
+ * @details \b Inputs: none
  * @details \b Outputs: RO Pump controller unit initialized
  * @return none
  *************************************************************************/
@@ -110,8 +111,6 @@
     initializePIController( PI_CONTROLLER_ID_RO_PUMP_PRES, MIN_FLUID_PUMP_DUTY_CYCLE_PCT, ROP_PRESSURE_CONTROL_P_COEFFICIENT, ROP_PRESSURE_CONTROL_I_COEFFICIENT,
                             MIN_FLUID_PUMP_DUTY_CYCLE_PCT, MAX_FLUID_PUMP_DUTY_CYCLE_PCT, FALSE, 0 );
 
-    initPersistentAlarm( ALARM_ID_FP_PERMEATE_FLOW_RATE_BELOW_TARGET, FP_FLOW_RATE_BELOW_TARGET_CLEAR_MS, FP_FLOW_RATE_BELOW_TARGET_TIMEOUT_MS );
-
     roPumpState                                 = RO_PUMP_OFF_STATE;
     isROPumpOn                                  = FALSE;
     stopPumpRequest                             = FALSE;
@@ -135,6 +134,7 @@
     roPumpOpenLoopTargetDutyCycle.ovData        = 0.0;
     roPumpOpenLoopTargetDutyCycle.ovInitData    = 0.0;
     roPumpOpenLoopTargetDutyCycle.override      = OVERRIDE_RESET;
+    timeSinceP12Started                         = 0;
 
     stopROPump();
 }
@@ -192,6 +192,7 @@
 {
     RO_PUMP_STATE_T state   = RO_PUMP_OFF_STATE;
     isROPumpOn              = FALSE;
+    timeSinceP12Started     = 0;
 
     // If there is a target flow set, transition to the PI controller and control to flow
     if ( getTargetROPumpFlowRateMLPM() > 0 )
@@ -224,6 +225,11 @@
         state = RO_PUMP_OPEN_LOOP_STATE;
     }
 
+    if ( state != RO_PUMP_OFF_STATE )
+    {
+        timeSinceP12Started = getMSTimerCount();
+    }
+
     return state;
 }
 
@@ -286,10 +292,8 @@
 static RO_PUMP_STATE_T handleROPumpControlToTargetFlowState( void )
 {
     RO_PUMP_STATE_T state = RO_PUMP_CONTROL_TO_TARGET_FLOW_STATE;
-    F32 nexttgtflow = 0.0;
-    F32 currentFlowRate = 0.0;
-    F32 adjustedFlowRRate = 0.0;
-    BOOL isFlowRateLow = FALSE;
+    F32 currentFlowRate = 0.0F;
+    F32 minRequiredFlowRate = 0.0F;
 
     // Check if need to switch control modes
     if ( getTargetROPumpPressure() > 0.0F )
@@ -313,10 +317,10 @@
     else if ( ++roControlTimerCounter >= ROP_CONTROL_INTERVAL )
     {
         currentFlowRate = getFilteredFlow( P16_FLOW );
-    adjustedFlowRRate = (F32)getTargetROPumpFlowRateMLPM() * ROP_MIN_FLOW_TO_CONTROL_PCT;
+        minRequiredFlowRate = (F32)getTargetROPumpFlowRateMLPM() * ROP_MIN_FLOW_TO_CONTROL_PCT;
 
         // P16 flow seems to lag in current Leahi HW. We will wait till we hit a % of target flow before we start changing control.
-        if( ( TRUE == roPumpStartControl ) || ( currentFlowRate >= ( adjustedFlowRRate ) ) )
+        if( ( TRUE == roPumpStartControl ) || ( currentFlowRate >= ( minRequiredFlowRate ) ) )
         {
             roPumpDutyCyclePctSet = runPIController( PI_CONTROLLER_ID_RO_PUMP_FLOW, (F32)getTargetROPumpFlowRateMLPM(), currentFlowRate );
             roPumpDutyCyclePctSet = MIN( roPumpDutyCyclePctSet, ( MAX_FLUID_PUMP_PWM_DUTY_CYCLE * MAX_FLUID_PUMP_DUTY_CYCLE_PCT ) );
@@ -328,11 +332,6 @@
             }
         }
         roControlTimerCounter = 0;
-
-        //is flow rate less than 75% of the target flow rate
-        // wait for 10 seconds for timeout
-        isFlowRateLow = ( ( currentFlowRate  < ( adjustedFlowRRate ) ) ? TRUE : FALSE);
-        checkPersistentAlarm( ALARM_ID_FP_PERMEATE_FLOW_RATE_BELOW_TARGET, isFlowRateLow, currentFlowRate, adjustedFlowRRate);
     }
 
     return state;
@@ -609,6 +608,39 @@
 
 /*********************************************************************//**
  * @brief
+ * The isROPumpLowflowAlarmExempt function gets the flag whether or not
+ * to exempt the low flow alarm.
+ * @details \b Inputs: none
+ * @details \b Outputs: none
+ * @return TRUE if low flow alarm is exempt, FALSE if not.
+ *************************************************************************/
+BOOL isROPumpLowflowAlarmExempt( void )
+{
+    BOOL result = FALSE;
+
+    if ( ( roPumpState == RO_PUMP_CONTROL_TO_TARGET_FLOW_STATE ) && ( FALSE == didTimeout( getROPumpLowFlowExemptTimer(), PERMEATE_FLOW_LOW_OUT_OF_RANGE_EXEMPT_MS ) ) )
+    {
+        result = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*********************************************************************//**
+ * @brief
+ * The getROPumpLowFlowExemptTimer function gets the timer when RO pump
+ * starts from Off state.
+ * @details \b Inputs: none
+ * @details \b Outputs: none
+ * @return the timer when RO pump started from Off state (in ms).
+ *************************************************************************/
+static U32 getROPumpLowFlowExemptTimer( void )
+{
+    return timeSinceP12Started;
+}
+
+/*********************************************************************//**
+ * @brief
  * The roPumpPresToPWM function calculates the duty cycle for the given target
  * pressure.
  * @details \b Inputs: none