Index: leahi_dialin/utils/abstract_classes.py
===================================================================
diff -u
--- leahi_dialin/utils/abstract_classes.py	(revision 0)
+++ leahi_dialin/utils/abstract_classes.py	(revision 7efc3e18c36a7110657fce7cf7ff4ff14aec55ef)
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+###########################################################################
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2020-2024 Diality Inc. - All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# THIS CODE MAY NOT BE COPIED OR REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM, IN PART OR IN
+# WHOLE, WITHOUT THE EXPLICIT PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER.
+#
+# @file    abstract_classes.py
+#
+# @author  (last)      Zoltan Miskolci
+# @date    (last)      04-May-2026
+# @author  (original)  Zoltan Miskolci
+# @date    (original)  04-May-2026
+#
+############################################################################
+
+# Module imports
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from typing import List, Tuple
+import struct
+
+# Project imports
+from leahi_dialin.common.generic_defs import DataTypes
+from leahi_dialin.common.constants import MSG_HEADER_SIZE
+
+
+class AbstractObserver(ABC):
+    """
+    Publicly accessible parent class for all observers.
+
+    The update method will receive data when data is made available
+    """
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def update(self):
+        """
+        Attach an observer
+        """
+        pass
+
+
+class AbstractSubSystem:
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def __init__(self):
+        """
+        Initialization function for the sub system
+        # The abstract base class requires all abstract methods are overridden by children classes
+        """
+        self._observers = []
+        self._datetime_fmt = "%m.%d.%Y_%I.%M.%S.%f"
+        pass
+
+
+    def attach(self, observer: AbstractObserver):
+        """
+        Attach an observer so it is updated upon published events
+        """
+        self._observers.append(observer)
+
+
+    def detach(self, observer: AbstractObserver):
+        """
+        Detach an observer
+        """
+        self._observers.remove(observer)
+
+
+    def process_into_vars(self, decoder_list: List[Tuple], message, start_from_byte: int=0, debug: bool=False) -> dict:
+        """
+        Process the CAN message with the help of the decoder list into variables and a dictionary.
+        Note: updating variables will only be done when it's class wide one, aka "self.attr_name".
+         For local attributes to avoid namespace issues use the returned dictionary. Format: {attr_name : value}
+
+        :param decoder_list: (List[Tuple[String, DataTypes]]) Contains the variable name and DataType pair of the indexed message
+        :param message: (Bytearray) The raw CAN message
+        :param start_from_byte: (Integer) Start from the nth byte after the header
+        :param debug: (Boolean) Prints for debugging
+        :return: (Dictionary) A dictionary for the variable_name and value pair
+        """
+        start_pos = MSG_HEADER_SIZE + start_from_byte
+        results = {}
+        if debug:
+            print(f'\n\ndecoder_list: {decoder_list}')
+            print(f'len: {len(decoder_list[0])}')
+        for decode_details in decoder_list:
+            # Content of the decode list
+            variable_name = decode_details[0]
+            datatype: DataTypes = decode_details[-1]
+            end_pos = start_pos + datatype.size()
+            value = struct.unpack(datatype.unpack_attrib(), bytearray(message['message'][start_pos:end_pos]))[0]
+            if debug:
+                print(f'value: {value} ({datatype.name})')
+                print(f'pos: {start_pos} - {end_pos}')
+            if 'nan' in str(value).lower():
+                raise ValueError(f'{value} is not an accepted value!')
+            if datatype is DataTypes.BOOL:
+                value = True if value == 1 else False
+            results[variable_name] = value
+
+            # If it's a instance variable (self.) then set it's value
+            if variable_name.startswith('self'):
+                attr_path = variable_name[5:].split('.')
+                obj = self
+                for attr in attr_path[:-1]:
+                    obj = getattr(obj, attr)
+                setattr(obj, attr_path[-1], value)
+            start_pos = end_pos
+            if debug:
+                print('Finished cycle\n')
+        if debug:
+            print(f'results: {results}\n')
+        return results
+
+
+    def process_into_dict(self, dict_to_update: dict, decoder_list: List[Tuple], message, start_from_byte: int=0, debug: bool=False):
+        """
+        Process the CAN message with the help of the decoder list into a dictionary.
+
+        :param decoder_list: (List[Tuple[DialEnum, DialEnum, DataTypes]]) Contains the dictioarny key names and DataType of the indexed message
+        :param message: (Bytearray) The raw CAN message
+        :param start_from_byte: (Integer) Start from the nth byte after the header
+        :param debug: (Boolean) Prints for debugging
+        :return: (Dictionary) The updated dictionary
+        """
+        start_pos = MSG_HEADER_SIZE + start_from_byte
+        if debug:
+            print(f'\n\ndecoder_list: {decoder_list}')
+            print(f'len: {len(decoder_list[0])}')
+        for decode_details in decoder_list:
+            # Content of the decode list
+            key_1 = decode_details[0]
+            key_2 = decode_details[1] if len(decode_details) >= 3 else None
+            datatype: DataTypes = decode_details[-1]
+
+            end_pos = start_pos + datatype.size()
+            value = struct.unpack(datatype.unpack_attrib(), bytearray(message['message'][start_pos:end_pos]))[0]
+            if debug:
+                print(f'key_1: {key_1}')
+                print(f'key_2: {key_2}')
+                print(f'value: {value} ({datatype.name})')
+                print(f'pos: {start_pos} - {end_pos}')
+            if 'nan' in str(value).lower():
+                raise ValueError(f'{value} is not an accepted value!')
+            # If the type is Bool, convert the value from Integer to Boolean
+            if datatype is DataTypes.BOOL:
+                value = True if value == 1 else False
+            # Save the value into the Dictionary
+            if len(decode_details) == 2:
+                dict_to_update[key_1] = value
+            elif len(decode_details) == 3:
+                dict_to_update[key_1][key_2] = value
+            start_pos = end_pos
+            if debug:
+                print('Finished cycle\n')
+        if debug:    
+            print('done\n')